effect of hepatic insufficiency due to cholestasis on teeth and surrounding structure in albino rats [a histological study]

A recent innovation in dentistry is the preparation and use of platelet rich plasma [PRP] , a concentrated suspension of the growth factors found in the platelets. These growth factors are involved in implant wound healing and are postulated as promoters of bone regeneration. The current study was performed to evaluate the effect of PRP added to resorbable deantigenic bone tissue of equine origin on bone regeneration in dehiscence defects around immediate dental implants. Twelve implants were installed in the incisor, canine and premolar regions immediately following tooth extraction. The peri-implant defects were augmented with a composite graft of autologus PRP and a xeno graft [in a ratio of 1:1] and protected by collagen membrane. The dimensions of the peri-implant defects and the bucco-lingual width of the alveolar ridge were measured at baseline and 6 months after healing during second stage surgery for abutment connection. The ridge width showed a decrease from 7.1mm to 6.3 mm after 6 months healing. The deepest [7.6mm] and widest [2.7mm] defects were located on the buccal aspect .Six months after healing no residual defect could be probed around the installed implants

Endothelial-dependent and independent vasodiatation; an index for endothelial dysfunction in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus

Aim: This work was intended to assess whether healthy women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM] may have abnormalities in endothelial function at a very early stage before glucose intolerance occurs. Subjects and the work included 45 subjects classified into 3 groups; I] included 15 obese women with previous GDM, II] included 15 nonobese women with previous GDM and III] included 15 nonobese healthy women as controls. All women were subjected to the following: thorough history taking, full clinical examination, laboratory investigations including serum uric acid, glycosylated haemoglobin, plasma endothelin-1 and complete lipid profile "total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C and LDL-C". Oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] was done using 75g glucose. Insulin sensitivity index and relative resistance for insulin were estimated during OGTT. The vasodilatory responses of the brachial artery during reactive hyperemia [endothelium-dependent Vasodilatation], and after nitroglycerine administration [endothelium-independent Vasodilatation] were measured using high-resolution echo-Doppler ultrasound 3-6 months after the last delivery. Flow mediated dilatation [FMD] was significantly and equally decreased in both groups of women with previous GDM, compared with control subjects [1.6 +/- 3.7% in the nonobese GDM group and 1.6 +/- 2.5% in the obese GDM group versus 10.3 +/- 4.4% in control subjects, P <0.05]. FMD correlated inversely and significantly with serum uric acid levels, BMI, serum total cholesterol, plasma endothelin-1 and relative resistance for insulin. Nitrate-induced dilatation [NID] was significantly decreased only in the obese GDM group compared with controls [21.4 +/- 5.1% versus 27.9 +/- 9.5%, P < 0.05]. OGTT was within normal range in all groups, although glucose concentrations at 30 and 60 min were significantly higher in both GDM groups, and glucose at fasting time, 90 and 120 min were significantly higher only in obese GDM women. Insulin levels at fasting, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min during the OGTT were significantly higher in obese GDM group. The relative resistance for insulin was significantly higher in the obese GDM group when compared with both the normal and nonobese GDM groups. Glycosylated haemoglobin levels were similar in all groups. Serum uric acid and plasma endothelin-1 were significantly higher in both obese and nonobese GDM women. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol were significantly higher in obese GDM women. Conclusions: Our results suggest that endothelial dysfunction, which is considered as a very early index of atherogenesis, is already present in both obese and nonobese women with a history of GDM, even when they have normal glucose tolerance

Stiffness index beta of the common carotid and femoral arteries: relation to insulin resistance

This work was intended to study the association between arterial wall stiffness indexes beta of the common carotid and femoral arteries and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients as well as patients with imparied glucose tolerance compared with age and sex matched control subjects. The study included 60 subjects classified into 3 groups; I] included 20 patients with type 2 diabetes, II] included 20 patients with IGT and III] included 20 matched controls. All patients and controls were subjected to the followings: complete history taking, thorough clinical examination, laboratory investigations including HBA1C, uric acid, complete lipid profile, microalbumin assay, renal and liver function tests. Measurement of insulin sensitivity by oral glucose tolerance test. Stiffness indexes beta of the common carotid and femoral arteries were measured by high resolution ultrasonography. The results of the present work can be summarized as follows: the stiffenss index beta [SI] of the common carotid and femoral arteries was significantly higher in diabetic group than those with IGT and controls [P< 0.001] for each], still those with IGT was insignificantly higher than controls [P < 0.05]. Also, stiffness index [SI] of the common carotid and femoral arteries was positively and significantly correlated with relative insulin resistance, total cholesterolm serum tryglycerides, LDL-C, uric acid, age and the duration of diabetes [P < 0.05]. Our results suggest that the stiffness indexes beta of the common carotid and femoral arteries were associated with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients and such insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these sclerotic changes